This paper, by investigating the transformation of law in the transitional period of Tang and Song, asserts that after Song Shenzong s “Reform of Law”, edicts or imperial orders assume the position of law, and are used to judge cases without referring to the law.
《宋史·刑法志》说“律恒存乎敕之外” ,引起后人对律敕关系的争论。
established or chartered or authorized by royalty.
国王建立、敕许或敕命。
On the Special Institution of Making and Deleting Laws in Song Dynasty;
宋代专门编敕机构——详定编敕所述论
the speech from the throne
((英))议会开 [闭] 幕式的诏敕
Constitutiones principum
君主谕令，皇帝敕令
Originally edicts were limited to the issuing magistrate's year of office.
最初敕令仅在发布敕令的长官任期内有效。
Our loving suBjects
[英]我的忠实臣民(诏敕用语)
It is thought to have suggested the assize of novel disseisin.
据认为，它导致了新近侵占敕令的产生。
an Imperial envoy often went on a tour of inspection carrying an imperial edict.
钦差大臣一般都带着敕书巡查地方。
Quaestor Caesaris principis
在元老院宣读皇帝敕令的官员
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed here in 1685.
1685年南特敕令的废除是在这里宣布的。
Research on the Words and Grammar in <Huangming Rescripts>;
《皇明诏令》白话敕令词汇语法研究
On The Explanation And Thinking of The Ancient Poem “Chi Le Chuan” From the Moderm Point of View;
对古诗《敕勒川》的现代阐释与思考
Supplements and Corrections of Huang Minzhi’s the List of Song Temple Granting Land
黄敏枝《宋代敕赐寺田表》补正辨析
On a board above the main gate was written in large characters: Ningguo Mansion Built at Imperial Command.
"正门之上有一匾,匾上大书""敕造宁国府""五个大字."
When he went home, he brought with him Da Zang Lection of Ci version and the statue of Zhantansakya Buddha.
回国时,他带去敕版《大藏经》和旃檀释迦佛像。
The emperor issued an edict forbidding doing trade with foreigners.
皇帝颁布了一项不得和外国人做生意的敕令。
A Tentative Translation into Manchu of the Imperial Edicts to Hohamboke in Three Languages in Year 53 of the Qianlong Dynasty
乾隆五十三年给霍罕伯克三体敕谕满洲文试译
Two Questions in the Stele Inscription of Uighurian Mosque Written by Emperor Qianlong;
乾隆御制《敕建回人礼拜寺碑记》的两个问题