From the perspective of ethnology and the historical background,the five emperors had no blood relationship but emerged from the development and division of the clans and tribes.
从民族学的角度及当时的历史背景分析,五帝之间并非直系血缘的父子、子孙关系,而是氏族、部落发展过程中的分裂与分化。
Comparatively many ancestors of the agricultural clans from the middle and the lower reaches of the Yellow.
"相比而言,黄河中游、下游的农耕氏族部落先民,迁入"狭义"北方与中原交界地带者较多(尤其是耕牧交错地区),迁入其它的北方地域者较少。
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State is a classical work on the origin of the state, but it only talks about one origin of the state, namely the state that developed after the clan system had died out.
《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》是马克思主义创始人对国家起源研究的代表作,但它只谈到了国家起源的一种途径,即"在氏族制度的废墟上兴起"的国家。
This thesis starts from the various interpretation of "Jiuzu"(nine relatrive families or nine related patriarchal families 九族) in ancient and contemporary textual textual studies on classics,to explore and detail the ancient chinese system of tribe and patriarch, and thus to offer a key to the understanding of ancient Chinese society.
文章从考释“九族”在今古文经学中的差异入手，对中国古代氏族、家庭制度进行了详尽的考证，为了解中国古代社会提供了一把钥匙。
It has an important significance for the solidarity and extrogamy of gens.
图腾也是最早的社会组织的标志和象征,它对于氏族内部的团结和实行氏族外婚制具有重要意义。
It was formed by the fragments of different gentes that did not have consanguinity between each gentes.
木骨闾群队是柔然汗国形成过程中最早的社会组织,由不同氏族部落碎片组成,内部没有血缘关系,家庭或小家族构成这一群队的基础,群队成员处于平等地位,首领的权力基于本人的努力与才干。
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a clan.
氏族的，宗族的氏族的或氏族特征的
This is the fundamental law of the gens, the bond which holds it together.
这是氏族的根本规则，维系氏族的纽带；
Of or relating to a gens, tribe, or people.
民族的、种族的、氏族的，或与之有关的
On the Causes of the In-&Ex-Clan Marriage;
论氏族社会族内、族外婚形成的原因
the property remained within the gens.
财产仍保留在氏族以内。
7. Right to bear the gentile name.
7﹒使用氏族名称的权利。
4. Obligation not to marry within the gens.
4﹒氏族内部不得通婚。
it adopted strangers into the gens.
它收养外人加入氏族。
The gentile constitution was finished.
氏族制度已经过时了。
The gens has a common burial place.
氏族有着共同的墓地。
Whereas,the paternal clan society is another name of the period of the bankrupcy of the society. Which cannot be taken as the period which parallel to the maternal clan society.
父系氏族社会是氏族社会瓦解时期的别称,不能视作与母系氏族社会并列的氏族社会发展阶段。
The primitive clan gradually broke up.
原始氏族逐渐解体。
His property had to remain within the gens.
财产必须留在氏族以内。
CHAPTER III THE IROQUOIS GENS
三 易洛魁人的氏族
No member is permitted to marry within the gens.
氏族的任何成员都不得在氏族内部通婚。
No gens would have a chief or sachem from any gens but its own.
任何氏族只能从本氏族中选出其酋帅或首领。
An exogamous patrilineal clan.
一个异族通婚的父系氏族
A woman belonging to a clan.
女族人属于一个氏族的女人