Time geography was originally developed by Swedish geographer, Torsten Hgerstrand and his associates at the Lund University, which first applied study using time geographical approach was a computer simulation model of daily activity programmes in urban planning.
时间地理学是瑞典地理学家哈格斯特朗及其领导的隆德大学研究小组提出的，最初应用于城市规划中的居民日常活动与设施规划的计算机模拟模型中。
Bergstrand equation is therefore adopted in this paper in the examination of the development of bilateral intra-industry trade between China and Japan with a purpose of analyzing the relevant decisive factors and developmental prospect.
而使用伯格斯特朗德公式,考察中日两国双边产业内贸易的发展现状,并对其原因和发展前景做出分析,从而得知:中日双边产业内贸易发展程度稳中有升,反映了两国的比较优势和经济结构特点。