This paper analyzes the process of listening comprehension from the point of view of cognitive science and believes that the process of listening comprehension involves interaction of bottom-up processing and top-down processing, which proves the importance of pre-listening teaching.
从认知学角度出发分析了听力理解过程,认为听力理解过程包含相互联系的自下而上加工和自上而下加 工,由此阐述了听前教学的必要性,认为听前教学是一个知识补足过程,结合实例介绍培养学生自下而上和自上而 下的听力加工能力过程中可以采用的方法。
Adaptive assembly modeling in bottom-up product design;
自下而上产品设计中的自适应装配建模
In order to get deeper understanding to it and help remove the obstacles in listening comprehension procedures,this paper mainly discusses the harmonious application of bottom-up theory and top-down theory in listening comprehension and its effect in improving the students listening level.
为了加深对听力理解的认识和扫除英语听力理解中的障碍,本文主要讨论了自下而上和自上而下理论在英语听力理解中的和谐应用,以及此理论在提高英语听力水平中的作用。
This paper selects some residential areas construction of specific historic period and dynasty,inspects the transformation of ancient Chinese living pattern,and evaluates the evolutional reasons of residential rules and patterns from two aspects of "bottom-up" and "top-down".
点选了一些特定的历史时期和朝代都城的居住区建设,考察了中国古代居住态的变迁,并试图从“自下而上”与“自上而下”两方面评价居住的规则和形态的演化原因。
Decoding the reduced forms is something we have to confront in the bottom-up process of listening comprehension.
解析语流音变是自下而上的听力理解过程中需要面对的一个重要方面。
With the media player program as an illustration,a step-by-step,bottom-up approach to singlechip programming was introduced.
文章以单片机音乐播放程序为例,介绍一种以最简化核心程序为起点,逐步增加程序功能与难度的自下向顶单片机编程教学方法,尤其适合于高职高专学生单片机课程设计与毕业设计等编程教学。
In making political restructuring,China often follows two models:“from top to bottom”and “from bottom to top”.
我国政治体制改革通常有由上而下和自下而上两种不同的模式 ,两种模式各有优势与不足。
Based on schema theory,this paper analyzes the interaction between "bottom-up processing "and "top-down processing" and also discusses the application of schema theory in listening comprehension procedure from the aspect of cognitive psychology.
以图式理论为基础,从认知心理学的角度出发,分析了听力理解程序中“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种程序的相互作用,并探讨了现代图式理论对英语听力理解程序分析的新启示:1)“自下而上”能使听者利用已知语言图式来诠释所获得的信息;2)“自上而下”能使听者使用语言知识来理解所获得的信息。