Knauer in 1990 first defined the endomorphism spectrum and the endomorphism type of a graph to study the algebraic structure which is put on a graph by this various endomorphisms.
德国数学家Knauer于1990年在文献[1]中首次提出了自同态谱和自同态型的概念,目的是通过图的各种不同的自同态来研究图的代数结构。
In particular,the endomorphism spectrum and the endomorphism type of(?) are given.
特别地,确定了路的补图的自同态谱和自同态型。
A New Method to Broaden Simultaneous Spectra for OMA Ⅵ System;
扩宽OMA-Ⅵ同时谱宽的新方法